Internal combustion motor



June 29, 1937- G. F. CALLAHAN, JR 2,084,991

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR i Uy? l/ I .Ej

INVENTOR NTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 20, 1956 INVENTOR June 29, 1937. G. F. CALLAHAN, JR

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR Filed Feb. 20, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented June 29, 1937 i'l'ED STAPS aan @TENT @FFEQE 17 Claims.

This application is a continuation in part of my copending application Serial Number 20,527 filed May 9, 1935 for Internal combustion motor.

The invention pertains to internal combustion motors and particularly to the arrest and regulation of heat, which is given off by the exhaust manifold, consumed by the air intake manifold and consequently united with the combustion fuel. In the case of motor vehicles where the internal combustion motor lies encased, beneath the hood of the vehicle, the temperature of the air consumed by the intake manifold depends largely upon the underhood temperature. It has been found that during the summer months thisunderhood temperature has been in excess to that required -for the proper Vaporization of the combustion fuel; while during the winter season this underhood temperature is insufficient thereby detrimentally decreasing the efliciency of the internal combustion motor. Furthermore, in certain sections of thecountry where the terrain is of varying altitudes the underhood temperature is constantly changing. It is the present practice, amongthe automotive industry, to strike a medium between these varying underhood temperatures and adjust the internal combustion motor for the mean temperature. By this present practice it' will be readily observed that the temperature of the air consumed by the intake manifold will vary considerably above and below the range of degree required for the proper vaporization of the combustion fuel.

One of the objects of the present invention is the provision of a mechanism whereby the temperature of the air, drawn into an internal combustion motor, may be positively controlled to Within a narrow range of degree.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a jacket arranged to encase the air cleaner partially encase the exhaust and intake manifolds of an internal combustion motor.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a tubular member extending outwardly of the jacket beyond the front Wall thereof to a position adjacent the radiator fan in order to direct a column. of relatively cold air into the jacket.

A still further .object of the invention is the provision of means whereby the temperature of the air within the jacket may be regulated either manually or thermostatically.

These and other objects will become apparent to those skilled in the art by referring to the accompanying drawings which illustrate the e1nbodiment of the present invention, wherein:

Figure l represents a vertical elevation of an internal combustion motor embodying the present invention.

Figure 2 represents a portion of the plan View of the disclosure of Figure 1.

Figure 3, an enlarged sectional view taken along the lines 3-3 of Figure 2, shows the arrangement of the shutters and tubular member employed to assist in regulating the temperature of the air within the jacket.

Figure 4, an enlarged sectional view taken along the lines l-Ll of Figure 2, shows the thermostatic mechanism and its connection to the shutter arrangement.

Figure 5, an enlarged view taken along the lines 5 5 of Figure 2, shows the manually operating mechanism and its connection to the shutter arrangement.

Figure 6, an enlarged view taken along the lines 5 6 of Figure 1, shows an auxiliary door in the rear wall of the jacket as well as an end view of the thermostatic operating mechanism.

Figure 7 showing a modification of the invention is taken along a line similar to 3-3 of Figure -2 excepting that the rear wall of the jacket is shown.

Figure 8 shows, in front elevation, a modification of the thermostatic mechanism and its connection tothe shutter arrangement.

Figure 9 shows a side elevational view of the structure disclosed by Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a sectional View taken along the lines lil- IG of Figure 9.

Referring now in detail to the drawings wherein like numerals indicate similar parts, the internal combustion motor, generally designated as at l, has a substantially horizontal exhaust manifold 2 extending longitudinally of the motor toward theY front portion thereof and thence downwardly, as at 3, toward the muffler (not shown). The intake manifold 4, spaced beneath the exhaust manifold, has a portion 4a extending in a substantially vertical direction outwardly of, and through the horizontal plane of, the exhaust manifold 2. Theair intake portion fia of the intake manifold 4 supports the air cleaner 5 above the horizontal plane of the exhaust manifold and conducts the air, employed to vaporize the combustion fuel, to the carburetor 6. The air intake has an angular portion lib adjacent the air cleaner 5. The usualvradiator fan l is located adjacent the front portion of the internal combustion motor l immediately in back of the radiator 8.

The jacket 9, employed to arrest the heat radiating fromthe horizontally disposed portion of the exhaust manifold 2, includes an inner wall Il) and an outer-wall Il both of which extend vertically from a plane adjacent the lower portion of the exhaust manifold 2 toa position preferably above the air cleaner 5. The inner wall It, located between the exhaust manifold and the motor casing, and the outer wall l positioned outwardly of the exhaust manifold and passing through the plane of the air intake at the angular portion lb, are of sufcient horizontal dimensions so as to overly an appreciable length of the exhaust manifold. Hoods lila are provided in the inner wall to straddle the ports 2a of the ex- Afaust manifold 2.

The top wall l2 of the jacket 9 has an upper portion l 2a spaced above the air cleaner 5, a downwardly projecting intermediate portion |2b and a substantially horizontal lower portion I2C spaced above the exhaust manifold 2 connecting the upper edges of the inner and outer walls. The lower portion I2C of the top wall together with the inner and outer walls l and ll respectively merge adjacent the front portion of the jacket to form the front wall i3. The rear wall it, extending between and secured to the upper portion ld of the top Wall, inner wall it and outer wall il, forms a closure for the rear portion of the jacket. secure the flange it, projecting outwardly of the front wall I3, to the exhaust manifold while the clips Il, extending outwardly of the Valve cover la, are secured to the inner portion of the jacket. Thus the band l5 and the clips Il' retain the jacket in position. It will be observed from the preceding description that the jacket 9 forms a complete enclosure for the air cleaner 5 and a partial enclosure for the exhaust manifold 2 and intake manifold 3. With the present arrangement the jacket will arrest an appreciable amount of heat radiating from the exhaust manifold in order to permit said heat to pass through the air cleaner into the air intake and thence to the carburetor, intake manifold and mixing chamber.

So as to allow the ingress of cold air within the jacket 9 an opening I3 is provided preferably in the downwardly projecting intermediate portion i219 of t1 e top wall l2. The shutter arrangement i9, mounted upon the portion B2b of the top wall comprises vertically spaced Z-shaped closing pieces 2% and horizontally spaced angular members 2da. secured together to form a box-like frame extending around the opening it and projecting outwardly of the plane of the top wall l2b. A plurality of plates 2 l, spaced at convenient intervals and extending between the angular memers 2a, are secured to the bars 22 and 22a, and, in normal or closed position, arranged in overlapping relation to each other and the closing vpieces 2t. Thus the plates 2l together with the closing pieces 2U and angular members 20a. form a closure for the opening IE. The bars 22 and 22a are pivotally mounted in and extend through the angular members 2da. Adjacent to the one side of the shutter arrangement, inwardly of the jacket, is an operating lever 23 pivotally connected to a plurality of links 24 which extend outwardly of and are secured to adjacent ends of the bars 22 and 22a..

It will be observed by referring to Figure 3 of lthe drawings that when the operating lever is moved in a substantially vertical direction the links 2li, bars 22 and 22a will rotate in a counterclockwise direction thereby forcing the plates 2l to assume a horizontal or open position and al- The band l5 employed to operation the underhood temperature may ber in excess to that required for the proper Vaporization of the combustion fuel and with this in mind a tubular member 25 has been provided in order to arrest relatively cold air entering beneath the hood immediately as it passes through the radiator 8. The tubular member 25 is removably secured to the upper portion l2a of the top wall, inner wall l@ and outer wall Il and extends outwardly of the downwardly projecting portion I2b of the top wall. The tubular member 25, forming a hood around the shutter arrangement, projects horizontally beyond the plane of the front wall I3 to a position in spaced relation and adjacent to, the radiator fan l. By this arrangement a column of relatively cold air is directed toward the shutter arrangement before it has an opportunity to mix with the heated air beneath the hood.

An opening 2B is provided in the rear wall I4 of the jacket adjacent the top portion thereof in order that a direct current of air may pass through the top portion of the jacket thereby materially assisting in quickly lowering the temperature of the air within the jacket. The cover 2l, hingedly connected to the rear wall and serving as a closing piece for the opening 26, is retained in closed position by the catch 28.

ln order to control the movement of the shutter arrangement a manual and thermostatic mechanism has been provided. During extremely cold weather it may be desired to retain the shutters in closed position for a period of time after the thermostatic mechanism has begun to open the shutters so that a quicker motor warm-up will be affected. The manual controlling mechanism is therefore arranged to retain the shutters in closed position. The lever 29 extending upwardly of the bar 22a is secured to the bar 22a, outwardly of the vertical plane of the inner wall it. A sleeve B is pivotally secured to the lever 29 adjacent the upper end thereof. A toggle lever 3|, pivotally mounted in a suitable bracket 32 located on the instrument panel 33, is slideably connected to the sleeve Sil by means of the compression member 361. Block S5 is Secured to the compression member t!! intermediate the ends thereof and conveniently spaced from the sleeve 3%. It will be observed by referring to Figure 5 of the drawings that when the handle portion Sla of the toggle lever 3l is moved downwardly the extension 35h of the lever 3| will carry the block 35, by means of the compression member 34, toward as well as through the sleeve 30, until the block 35 has come to rest against the sleeve. By this manually'operated mechanism it will be noted that the shutter arrangement can be retained in closed position.

The portion 13b of the air intake being angularly inclined through the outer wall Il of the jacket, preferably immedlately'beneath the air cleaner 5, is tubular in cross-section having an outer wall 36. range, is positioned entirely within the air intake thereby allowing the .air traveling through the air intake to pass over the thermostat. The thermostat is supported by the plate 3S which is f secured to the outer wall t of the intake man- A thermostat 3l, of a suitable through one side of the air intake and is pivotally connected to the thermostat by the horizontally disposed lever 4l. The bracket lil is located preferably above the thermostat within the air intake and is also supported by the plate 38. Located between the air intake and the outer wall Il of the jacket is a vertically disposed lever 42 secured to the rod 35 adjacent the end thereof. The arm 43 is secured to the bar 22a outwardly of the vertical plane of the outer wall l! of the jacket and has a swivel nut i4 pivotally mounted adjacent the lower end thereof. Pivotally connected to the vertically disposed lever 42 is a connecting rod 45 extending outwardly of the lever 42 and projecting through the swivel nut 44. A compression spring 4E, provided on the connecting rod, abuts the swivel nut 44 and a shoulder 41 which is formed on the connecting rod intermediate the ends thereof. The compression spring 45 and the slidable support of the connecting rod by the swivel nut thus forms a variable connection between the thermostat and shutter arrangement.

In order to prevent an accidental excess amount of heated air to pass over the thermostat 31 which would result in the rupture of one or more of its convolutions an aperture 48 has been provided in the outer wall of the air intake preferably adjacent and above the thermostat. The door 45, hinged to the outer wall of the air intake, is of suilcient dimensions to cover the aperture 48 and is retained in normal or closed position by means of a spring 49a or any desirable means. The extension lila on the horizontally disposed lever 4i is so arranged that it will force the door 4B open after the shutter arrangement i9 has reached its fully open-ed position thereby allowing relatively cold air to enter the intake manifold through the aperture 4S and pass over the thermostat.

The operation of the thermostatic mechanism is as follows: Assuming the temperature of the air within the jacket has begun to reach a degree in excess to the amount required for the proper vaporization of the combustion fuel and the block 35 of the manual operating mechanism is spaced from the sleeve 35. The heated air within the jacket 9 traveling through the air cleaner and portions 4a and 4b of the air intake will pass over the convolutions of the thermostat 31 thereby forcing the thermostat to expand in a vertical direction. This movement of the thermostat will impart a clockwise motion to the horizontally disposed lever 4l, rod 35 and vertically disposed lever 42. The clockwise motion of the lever 42 will force the connecting rod 45 in a horizontal direction and, through the compression spring 45, the arm 43 and bar 22a, will rotate in a counter-clockwise direction thereby forcing the plates 2i of the shutter arrangement into a horizontal or open position.

It will be observed that if the manual operating mechanism is set to retain the shutter arrangement in closed position the connecting rod 45 of the thermostatic mechanism will pass through the swivel nut 44 as the variation between the lever 42 and swivel nut 44 will be absorbed by the compression spring 45. By this arrangement it will be further observed that the thermostat is permitted to operate without adding any undue strains to its convolutions.

Figures '7 to 10 both inclusive disclose a modification of the present invention. The jacket 5i is somewhat similar to the jacket 9, shown by Figures 1 to 6, in construction excepting that an additional shutter arrangement 52 is mounted on the rear wall 53 of the jacket .and is adapted to serve as a cover for the opening 53a. The shutter arrangement 52 as well as the shutter arrangement 54, which is mounted on the intermediate portion 55b of the top wall 55, are preferably the same in construction as the shutter arrangement i9 shown by Figure 3.

The bar 55 of the shutter arrangement 52 extends outwardly of the jacket and has secured thereto, adjacent the extremity thereof, a downwardly projecting lever 51. An upwardly extending lever 58 is secured to the bar 59, outwardly of the jacket, and pivotally connected to the lever 5l by means of the connecting rod 84. it will be observed that when the bar 59 and lever 53 rotate in a counter-clockwise direction the connecting rod 84 will move in a substantially horizontal direction thereby forcing the lever 51 and bar 55 to rotate in a clockwise direction. This movement of the bars 56 and 59 will force the plates 6!) to assume a substantially horizontal or open position through the links 6| and operating levers 52. The operation of the shutter arrangements 52 and 54 will be simultaneous and, in open position, provide passage for a current of air through the top portion of the jacket encasing the air cleaner 5 thereby affecting an immediate change in the temperature of the air to be consumed by the air intake.

The thermostatic operating mechanism connected to the shutter arrangements 52 and 54 respectively comprises a unit B3 forming a portion of the air intake 4a. It will be noted from the following description that when the degree f heated air passing through the air intake nears or reaches an excessive degree a means has been provided to gradually or completely cut 01T the source of air supply from within the jacket and allow the air intake to consume air from beneath the hood or any desirable source. The mechanism is so arranged so as to provide a gradual change-over of air thereby allowing the proper temperature of air to enter the air intake under all conditions.

The unit E3 includes a housing 64 located preferably adjacent the angular portion 4b of the air intake 4 which, in addition to forming a duct for the passage of air to the carburetor 5, encases the thermostatic mechanism. Suitable collars 65 extending outwardly of the housing are secured to the portion 4a of the air intake. A removably secured cover 66 forms the front portion of the housing 64 and functions as a support for the portion of the mechanism within the housing thereby allowing the major portion of the mechanism to be assembled thereon and placed into the housing as a unit. The thermostat 51, of a suitable range and adapted to move in a Vertical direction, is governed by the temperature of the air passing over the convolutions thereof. Angular plate 68, supporting the thermostat, is secured to the cover 66 and projects inwardly of the housing. An inverted channel shaped bracket 69, secured to the cover 55 and spaced above the thermostat 61 and plate 68, pivotally supports the rod 1B which has a, portion 10a extending through the housing 64. The arm 1i, pivotally connecting the thermostat to the rod 15, is secured to the rod 1E! intermediate the ends thereof. A downwardly extending lip portion 12 projects from the arm 1|.

Secured to the portion 10a of the rod 10 is a substantially vertical lever 13 which is moved radially about the rod 10 as a result of the variation in length of the thermostat 61. The arm 43a is secured tothe bar 59, outwardly of the jacket 5I, and has a swivel nut 44a, pivotally attached to the one end thereof. Pivotally connected to the lever 13 and slideably connected to the swivel nut 46a is a connecting rod 45a having a shoulder 41a formed thereon intermediate the ends thereof. The compression spring ta, retained in position by the connecting rod 45a, abuts the shoulder 41a and the swivel nut 4de. It will be observed from the immediate preceding description that when the length of the thermostat increases or diminishes the pivotal movement of the arm 1I and rod 70 will impart a radial movement to the lever 13 and arm 43a. This movement will create .a pivotal action in the bar 59 thereby causing the shutter arrangements 52 and 54 to open or close.

An aperture 14 in the housing 64 is located preferably above the horizontal plane of the thermostat and is provided with a closing plate l5 hinged, adjacent the lower portion thereof, tothe housing. The closing plate is retained in normal or closed position by means of a spring or any other suitable means. The purpose of the aperture M is to allow the ingress of relatively cold air within the housing 6d thereby passing over the thermostat and preventing the rupture of one or more of the convolutions of the thermostat. The entrance of relatively cold air through the aperture lli will also assist in maintaining the desired temperature of the air to be mixed with the combustion fuel.

The step 'i5 secured to the closing plate projects inwardly of the housing and overlies the lip portion 12 of the arm l! in spaced relation. A butterfly valve il is pivotally mounted within the portion lla of the air intake on the diametrical center thereof and is positioned above theV horizontal plane of the aperture lil. An arm 'i8 extends outwardly from one side of the butterfly valve l?. The butterfly valve controlling link 'i9 is pivotally connected to the arm 1B and bracket 80 which is secured tothe closing plate 'l5 inwardly of the housing.

When the temperature of the air passing through the air intake nears a degree inv excess to that required for the proper vaporization of the combustion fuel the length of the thermostat 6l will increase and result in the upward movement of the lip portion l2 of the arm 'l l. In this upward movement the lip portion T2 will engage the step i6 thereby forcing the closing plate 'l5 away from the housing and allowing the relatively cold air to enter the housing through the aperture 14. The outward movement of the elo-sing plate 'l5 will, through the controlling link 19, rotate the butterfly valve in a counter-clockwise direction which will reduce the cross-sectional area of the air intake at this location and consequently decrease the amount of heated air entering the housing. The mechanism is so arranged that the heated air entering the housing from the jacket 5| can be cut oif completely while relatively cold air may be drawn into the housing through the aperture 1d.

A removably secured hood 8| is provided on the one side of the housing functioning as a protective shield for the closing plate 'l5 as well as a guard against foreign matter entering the air intake. The opening V82 in the lower portion of the hood has a downwardly projecting ange 83 formed along the periphery thereof to which may be attached an additional air cleaner (not shown). If itis so desired atubing made to extend toa position outwardly of the hood of the vehicle may be attached to the ange83.

It will, of course, be understood by those skilled in the art that various alterations may be made to the precise construction as shown by the accompanying drawings and described in the present specification without departing from;Y the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In an internal combustion motor, in` combination, an exhaust manifold, an air intake, an air cleaner supported by said air intake, a jacket encasing the air cleaner and partially encasing said manifold and air intake, said jacket having a shutter arrangement for selectively regulating the temperature within the jacket, means within the air intake spaced beneath Vthe air cleaner, and a resilient connection between said means and shutter arrangement adapted to operate the shutter arrangement.`

2. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an exhaust manifold, an air intake having an outer Wall, and a jacket partially encasing said manifold and air intake; said jacket having a shutter arrangement for selectively regulating the temperature within the jacket, thermostatic means within said air intake connected to the shutter arrangement, a door pivotally secured to the outer wall of the air intake adapted to close an aperture in said outer wall, and a lever connected to said thermostatic means adapted to open said door.

3. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an exhaust manifold, an air intake having an outer wall, and a jacket partially encasing said manifold and air intake; said jacket having a shutter arrangement for regulating the tempera-V ture within the jacket, a door pivotally secured to the air intake adapted toy close an aperture in the outer wall of the air intake, and a thermostatic means within the air intake adapted to operate the shutter arrangement and open the door.

Ll. In an internal combustion motor, inV combination, an exhaust manifold, an air intake having an outer wall, and a jacket partially encasing the manifold and air intake; said jacket having a shutter arrangement for regulating the Vtemperature within the jacket, a door pivotally secured to the air intake adapted to close an aperture in the outer wall of the air intake, and thermostatic means within the air intake adapted to open and close the shutter arrangement and open the door after said shutter arrangement has been opened.

5. In an internal combustion motor, in ycombination, an exhaust manifold, an air intake, and a jacket partially encasing the exhaust manifold and air intake; said jacket having a shutter arrangement adapted to selectively regulate theV temperature within the jacket, a thermostatic mechanism Within the air intake, a bar extending through the air intake and connected to the thermostatic mechanism, and a resilient means connecting the shutter arrangement and bar.

6. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an air intake, a housing forming a portion of the air intake, a closing plate adapted to cover an aperture in said housing, a butterfly valve pivotally mounted within the housing above the hori- Zontal plane of the aperture, and thermostatically controlled means Within the housingradapted to control the movement of said closing plate and buttery valve.

'7. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an air intake, an air cleaner secured to the air intake, a housing forming a portion of the air intake spaced below the air cleaner, a Closing plate adapted to cover an aperture in said housing, a butteriiy valve pivotally mounted Within the housing above the horizontal plane of the aperture and pivotally connected to the closing plate, and a thermostatically controlled means within the housing adapted to control the movement of said closing plate and butterfly valve.

8. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an exhaust manifold, an air intake, an air cleaner supported by the air intake, a jacket 7 encasing the air cleaner and partially encasing the exhaust manifold and air intake, said jacket having a shutter arrangement for selectively regulating the temperature Within the jacket, thermostatic means Within the air intake adapted to operate said shutter arrangement, and a manually operated mechanism adapted to retain the shutters in closed position.

9. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an exhaust manifold, an air intake, and a jacket partially encasing said manifold and air intake, said jacket having a shutter arrangement for selectively regulating the temperature within the jacket a thermostatic mechanism Within the air intake, and a resilient means connecting said shutter arrangement and thermostatic mechanism.

l0. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an air intake, a housing forming a portion of the air intake, a closing plate hingedly secured to the housing and adapted to cover an aperture in said housing, a butterfly valve pivotally mounted within the housing, and thermostatically controlled means Within the housing adapted to control the movement of said closing plate and butterfly valve.

11. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an air intake, a housing forming a portion of the ail` intake, a closing plate hinge-elly secured to the housing adapted to cover an aperture in said housing, a butterfly valve pivotally mounted Within the housing and pivotally connected to the closing plate, and thermostatically controlled means adapted to control the movement of the closing plate and butterfly valve.

12. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an air intake, a housing forming a portion of the air intake, a closing plate adapted to cover an aperture in said housing, a step secured to the closing plate inwardly of the housing, a butterfly valve pivotally mounted Within the housing and connected to the closing plate, and thermostatically controlled means adapted to engage said step to control the movement of the closing plate and butterfly valve.

13. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an exhaust manifold, an air intake, a jacket partially encasing said manifold and air intake, said jacket having a shutter arrangement for selectively regulating the temperature Within the jacket, thermostatic means mounted Within the air intake, and a variable connection outwardly of the air intake extending between the thermostatic means and shutter arrangement.

14. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an air intake, a housing forming a portion of said air intake, an aperture in said housing, a door secured to sai-d housing adapted to cover said aperture, a butterfly valve in the air intake, and thermostatically controlled means Within the air intake adapted to operate said butterfly valve and door.

l5. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an air intake, a jacket partially encasing said air intake, a shutter mounted on the jacket, thermostatically controlled means Within the air intake slidably connected to the shutter adapted to operate said shutter, and manually operated means connected to said shutter for preventing said shutter from opening.

16. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an exhaust manifold, an air intake, a jacket partially encasing said manifold and air intake, means on said jacket for regulating the temperature of the air Within the jacket, and a thermostatically controlled mechanism resiliently connected to said means.

17. In an internal combustion motor, in combination, an air intake, a jacket partially encasing said air intake, a shutter mounted on said jacket, a thermostat Within the air intake, means pivotally connected to the thermostat and resiliently connected to the shutter adapted to open the shutter, and a manually operated means for retaining said shutter in closed position.

G. F. CALLAHAN, JR. 

